Use of 55 PET radiotracers under approval of a Radioactive Drug Research Committee (RDRC)

Jackson, Isaac M.; Lee, So Jeong; Sowa, Alexandra R.; Rodnick, Melissa E.; Bruton, Laura; Clark, Mara; Preshlock, Sean; Rothley, Jill; Rogers, Virginia E.; Botti, Leslie E.; Henderson, Bradford D.; Hockley, Brian G.; Torres, Jovany; Raffel, David M.; Brooks, Allen F.; Frey, Kirk A.; Kilbourn, Michael R.; Koeppe, Robert A.; Shao, Xia; Scott, Peter J. H.

doi:10.1186/s41181-020-00110-z

EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry

Table 1 Radiotracers used clinically at the University of Michigan

From: Use of 55 PET radiotracers under approval of a Radioactive Drug Research Committee (RDRC)

Radiotracer	Abbreviation	Application	Radiosynthesis	Dosimetry	Historical Imaging
[¹¹C]Radiotracers
[¹¹C]Acetate	[¹¹C]ACE	Metabolism	Runkle et al. 2011	Seltzer et al. 2004	Duvernoy et al. 2016
[¹¹C]Aminocyclohexane carboxylic acid	[¹¹C]ACHC	Amino acid transport	Koeppe et al. 1990a	Washburn et al. 1982^a	Koeppe et al. 1990a
1-[¹¹C]Methyl-4- piperidinyl n-butyrate	[¹¹C]BMP	Butyrlcholinesterase	Snyder et al. 2001	Virta et al. 2008	Kuhl et al. 2006
[¹¹C]Butanol	[¹¹C]BUT	Blood flow	See Supporting Information	See Supporting Information	^b; Quarles et al. 1993
[¹¹C]Carfentanil	[¹¹C]CFN	Mu opioid receptors	Blecha et al. 2017	Newberg et al. 2009	Zubieta et al. 2000
[¹¹C]Choline	[¹¹C]CHO	Choline biochemistry	Shao et al. 2014	Tolvanen et al. 2010	Piert et al. 2009
[¹¹C]DASB	[¹¹C]DASB	Serotonin transporter	Shao et al. 2014	Lu et al. 2004	Albin et al. 2008
[¹¹C]Dihydrotetrabenazine	[¹¹C]DTBZ	Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2)	Shao et al. 2014	Murthy et al. 2008	Koeppe et al. 1995
[¹¹C]Epinephrine	[¹¹C]EPI	Norepinephrine Transporter (NET)	Chakraborty et al. 1993	Wrobel et al. 1997	Münch et al. 2000
[¹¹C]Flumazenil	[¹¹C]FMZ	GABA_A Receptors	Shao et al. 2011a	Laymon et al. 2012	Koeppe et al. 1991
[¹¹C]meta-Hydroxyephedrine	[¹¹C]HED	NET, Sympathetic nervous system	Shao et al. 2014	Wrobel et al. 1997 and Supporting Information	Duvernoy et al. 2016
[¹¹C]LY2795050	[¹¹C]LY2795050	Kappa opioid receptors	Yang et al. 2018	See Supporting Information	^b; Naganawa et al. 2015
[¹¹C]Methionine	[¹¹C]MET	Amino acid	Shao et al. 2014	Deloar et al. 1998	Miller et al. 2019
[¹¹C]Methoxytetrabenazine	[¹¹C]MTBZ	VMAT2	DaSilva et al. 1993a	Wrobel et al. 1997	Vander Borght et al. 1995
[¹¹C]Methylphenidate	[¹¹C]MPH	Dopamine transporter	Moran et al. 2010	See Supporting Information	Albin et al. 2009
[¹¹C]N-Methylpiperidinyl benzilate	[¹¹C]NMBP	mAChR	Mulholland et al. 1995	Mulholland et al. 1995	Zubieta et al. 2001
[¹¹C]OMAR/[¹¹C]JHU 75528	[¹¹C]OMAR	Cannabinoid 2 receptors	Shao et al. 2015	Wong et al. 2010	Wong et al. 2010
[¹¹C]Palmitate	[¹¹C]PALM	Fatty acid metabolism	Runkle et al. 2011	Christensen et al. 2017	^b; de Jong et al. 2009
[¹¹C]PBR28	[¹¹C]PBR28	Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO)	Shao et al. 2014	Brown et al. 2007	^b Kreisl et al. 2016
[¹¹C]Pittsburgh Compound B	[¹¹C]PiB	Amyloid plaques	Shao et al. 2014	O’Keefe et al. 2009	Burke et al. 2011
[¹¹C]((E)-N-(3-iodoprop-2-enyl)-2β-(4′-tolyl) nortropane)	[¹¹C]PE2I	Dopamine transporter	Dollé et al. 2000; Halldin et al. 2003	Ribeiro et al. 2007	^b; Halldin et al. 2003
[¹¹C]Phenylephrine	[¹¹C]PHEN	NET	Del Rosario et al. 1996	Wrobel et al. 1997	Raffel et al. 1996
(R)-[N-Methyl-¹¹ C]PK11195	[¹¹C]PK11195	TSPO	Alves et al., 2013	Hirvonen et al. 2010	Junck et al. 1989
[¹¹C]PMP	[¹¹C]PMP	Acetylcholinesterase	Shao et al. 2014	See Supporting Information	Kuhl et al. 1999
[¹¹C]Raclopride	[¹¹C]RAC	Dopamine D₂ receptors	Shao et al. 2014	Ribeiro et al. 2005	Scott et al. 2006
[¹¹C]Ro-54,864	[¹¹C]Ro-54,864	TSPO	Watkins et al. 1988	see Supporting Information^a	Junck et al. 1989
[¹¹C]Sarcosine	[¹¹C]SARC	Sarcosine biochemistry	Piert et al. 2017	Piert et al. 2017	Piert et al. 2017
[¹¹C]Scopolamine	[¹¹C]SCOP	mAChR	Mulholland et al. 1988	Frey et al. 1992	Frey et al. 1992
[¹¹C]Tetrabenazine	[¹¹C]TBZ	VMAT2	DaSilva et al. 1993b	DaSilva et al. 1994	Kilbourn et al. 1993
[¹¹C]Tropanylbenzilate	[¹¹C]TRB	mAChR	Mulholland et al. 1992	Mulholland et al. 1992	Koeppe et al. 1994
[¹¹C]WAY-100365	[¹¹C]WAY	5-HT_1A Receptor	Krasikova et al. 2009	Parsey et al. 2005	Mickey et al. 2008
[¹⁸F]Radiotracers
[¹⁸F]Flortaucipir	[¹⁸F]AV1451; [¹⁸F]T807; Tauvid	Tau	^c; Mossine et al. 2017	Choi et al. 2016	Drake et al. 2019; Kramer et al. 2020
3-(1,4-Diazabicyclo[3.2.2] nonan-4-yl)-6-[¹⁸F]fluoro-dibenzo[b,d]thiophene 5,5-dioxide	[¹⁸F]JHU82132, [¹⁸F]ASEM	α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)	Gao et al. 2013 and Supporting Information	Wong et al. 2014 and Supporting Information	^b; Wong et al. 2014
Fluciclovine (anti-1-Amino-3-¹⁸F-fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid)	[¹⁸F]FACBC; Auxumin	Amino acid transport	^c; Sörensen et al. 2013	Nye et al. 2007; McParland et al. 2010	^b; Songmen et al. 2019
[¹⁸F]Fluoroazomycin arabinoside	[¹⁸F]FAZA	Tumor hypoxia	Shao et al. 2011b	Savi et al. 2017	Beck et al., 2007
2-[¹⁸F]Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose	[¹⁸F]FDG	Glucose metabolism	Richards and Scott 2012; Sowa et al. 2018	Srinivasan et al. 2020	Koeppe et al. 2005
[¹⁸F]6-Fluoro-L-DOPA	[¹⁸F]FDOPA	Dopamine	See Supporting Information, Mossine et al. 2019, 2020	Kaushik et al. 2013; Mejia et al. 1991	Minn et al. 2009
[¹⁸F]-Fluoroethoxy- benzovesamicol	[¹⁸F]FEOBV	Vesicular acetylcholine transporter	Shao et al. 2011b	Petrou et al. 2014	Petrou et al. 2014
[¹⁸F]Fluorocholine	[¹⁸F]FCH	Choline biochemistry	Rodnick et al. 2013	DeGrado et al. 2002; Fabbri et al. 2014	Davenport et al. 2020
[¹⁸F]Florbetapir	Amyvid; [¹⁸F]AV45	Amyloid plaques	c	Joshi et al. 2014	Frey and Koeppe 2016
[¹⁸F]-Fluoro-3′-deoxy-3′-L-fluorothymidine	[¹⁸F]FLT	Cellular proliferation	Shao et al. 2011b	Vesselle et al. 2003; Mendes et al. 2018	Bertagna et al. 2013
[¹⁸F]Flubatine	[¹⁸F]FLBT	α₄β₂ nAChR	Hockley et al. 2013	Kranz et al. 2016	Sattler et al. 2012
[¹⁸F]Flutemetamol	Vizamyl, [¹⁸F]GE67	Amyloid plaques	^c; Snellman et al. 2014	Koole et al. 2009	Frey and Koeppe 2016
[¹⁸F]Fluoromisonidazole	[¹⁸F]FMISO	Tumor hypoxia	^d; Riss et al. 2012	Graham et al. 1997	Bruehlmeier et al. 2004
[¹⁸F]Fluoropropyl-dihydrotetrabenazine	[¹⁸F]FP-TBZ, [¹⁸F]AV133	VMAT2	Lin et al. 2010	Lin et al. 2010	Kilbourn and Koeppe 2019
[¹⁸F]GBR13119 /[¹⁸F]GBR12909	[¹⁸F]GBR	DAT	Haka and Kilbourn 1988, 1990	Kilbourn et al. 1989	Koeppe et al. 1990b
4-[¹⁸F]Fluoro-m-hydroxyphenethylguanidine	[¹⁸F]MHPG	NET	Raffel et al. 2018	Raffel et al. 2018	Raffel et al. 2018
2′-Methoxyphenyl-(N-2′-pyridinyl)-p-¹⁸F-fluoro-benzamidoethylpiperazine	[¹⁸F]MPPF	5-HT_1A Receptor	Shao et al. 2011b	See Supporting Information	^b; Aznavour and Zimmer 2007
[¹⁸F]Sodium Fluoride	[¹⁸F]NaF	Bone imaging	Shao et al. 2011b	Segall et al. 2010; Silveira et al. 2010	Wong and Piert 2013
[¹⁸F]N-Methyl Lansoprazole	[¹⁸F]NML	Tau	Kramer et al. 2020	Kramer et al. 2020	Kramer et al. 2020
4-[¹⁸F]Fluoro-p-hydroxyphenethylguanidine	[¹⁸F]PHPG	NET	Raffel et al. 2018	Raffel et al. 2018	Raffel et al. 2018
Other Radiotracers
[¹³N]Ammonia	[¹³N]NH₃	Blood flow	Scott 2012	Yi et al. 2015	Beanlands et al. 1994
[¹⁵O]Water	[¹⁵O]H₂O	Blood flow	Dick and Watkins 2015	Brihaye et al. 1995	Minoshima et al. 1993
[⁶⁸Ga]DOTATATE	NETSPOT	Somatostatin receptors	NETSPOT prescribing information 2016	Walker et al. 2013	^b; Fallahi et al. 2019
[⁶⁸Ga]PSMA-HBEDCC	[⁶⁸Ga]PSMA-11	Prostate specific membrane antigen	See Supporting Information; Rodnick et al. 2020	Afshar-Oromieh et al. 2016; Sandgren et al. 2019	Rodnick et al. 2020

^aHistorical dosimetry data is no longer extant. Biodistribution data are provided to enable estimation of dosimetry; ^b UM Imaging data not yet published; ^c Commercially available under an approved (A)NDA; ^d Commercially available under an IND

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