Syntheses of the MMPIs and precursor 9: Reaction conditions: (a) pyridine 0 °C - rt.; (b) BnBr, K2CO3, DMF, rt.; (c) for X = F: CF3CO2H, CH2Cl2, rt.; (d) for X = OTs: KSF clay, CH3CN, reflux; (e) O-THP hydroxylamine, EDC, NMM, HOBT, DMF, rt.; (f) 4 N HCl in dioxane/MeOH 1:1, rt.