Table 3 Examples of 68Ga-radiopharmaceutical synthesis conditions
From: Good practices for 68Ga radiopharmaceutical production
Precursor | Module | 68Ga-eluate volume [mL] | 68Ga-eluate molarity HCl | Buffer | Peptide amount [µg] | Buffer volume [µL] | Pre-concentration | Eluent | Labeling temperature [°C] | Labeling time [min] | Purification | Yield n.d.c. [%] * | Yield d.c. [%]* | Radiochem. Purity HPLC [%] | Total synthesis time [min] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DOTA-NOC (Vis et al. 2015) | ITG | 4 | 0.05 | 0.25Â M Na-acetate | 40 | 1000 | none | none | 95 | 10 | C18 | NA | NA | 98 | NA |
DOTA-TOC (Bauwens et al. 2010) | inhouse | 6 | 0.1 | 0.5 M NaOAc | 40 | NA | anionic | 0.01 M HCl | 90 | 10 | C18 | 55.1 ± 7.2 | NA | 99.0 ± 1.2 | 34.3 ± 3.9 |
DOTA-TOC (Ocak et al. 2010) | E&Z – Modular Lab | 6 | 0.1 | 0.5 M HEPES | 30 | 1000 | cationic (SCX) | 0.02 M HCl + 98% acetone | 80 to 100 | 6 | C18 | 63.9 | 84.2 |  > 95 | 25 |
PSMA-11 (Fuscaldi et al. 2021) | E&Z – Modular Lab | 6 | 0.1 | 0.1 M NaOAc | 20 (21.12 nmol) | 1000 | cationic | 5 M NaCl/5.5 N HCl | 85 | 5 | C18 | NA | 85.35 ± 5.78 | 99.06 ± 0.10 | 25 |
PSMA-11 (Hennrich and Eder 2021) | Scintomics – GRP | NA | NA | NaOAc | 10 | NA | cationic | NaCl | 100 | 10 | C18 | NA | NA | NA | 30 |
Pentixafor (Sammartano et al. 2020) | Scintomics GRP | 10 | 0.1 | 1.5Â M HEPES | 20 | NA | NA | NaCl 5Â M | 95 | 10 | C18 | 57 | 99.9 | 33 | |
Pentixafor (Spreckelmeyer et al. 2020) | E&Z – Modular Lab | 6 | 0.1 | NaOAc | 50 | 2200 | cationic (SCX) | 5 M NaCl/5.5 N HCl | 95 | 5 | C18 | 94.7 ± 0.7 | 80.9 ± 10.0 | 99.8 | NA |
Exendin-4 (Velikyan et al. 2017) ** | E&Z – Modular Lab | NA | 0.1 | 1 M NaOAc | 0.2–20 nmol | NA | cationic (PS-H +) | NaCl/0.05 M HCl | 75 (glass); 85 (plastic) | 15 | tC2 | 43 ± 2 | NA | 96.9 ± 0.6 | NA |
Exendin-4 (Migliari et al. 2021) *** | Scintomics GRP | NA | 0.1 | 1.5 M HEPES | 10 | 3200 | Cationic (SCX) | 1.5 M NaCl (1.5 mL) | 95 (glass) | 10 | Oasis HLB | NA | 23.53 ± 2.4 | 91.69 | NA |
DOTA-TATE (Aslani et al. 2014) | E&Z – Modular Lab | 8 | 0.1 | 0.2 M NaOAc | 40 | NA | cationic (SCX) | 0.02 M HCl + 98% acetone | 95 | 6.67 | C18 | 81.8 ± 0.4, 82.2 ± 0.4, 87.9 ± 0.4 | 99.5 | NA | |
DOTA-TATE (De Decker and Turner 2012) | IBA molecular – Synthera | NA | 0.6 | 2.5 M NaOAc | 20–30 nmol | NA | NA | NA | 98 | 10 | NA | 56.1 ± 6.2 | NA |  > 95 | NA |
DOTA-CP04 (Haskali et al. 2019) | iPHASE Multi Syn | 4 | 0.05 | 0.5 M NaOAc | 30 | 800 | none | none | 95 | 8 | Strata X SPE | NA | 74.8 | 92–94 | 22 |
FAPI-46 (Spreckelmeyer et al. 2020) | E&Z – Modular Lab | 6 | 0.1 | 0.4 M NaOAc | 50 | 400 | cationic SCX) | 5 M NaCl/5.5 N HCl | 95 | 10 | CM | 96 ± 0.6 | 95.2 ± 1.4 | 99.7 | NA |
|  | E&Z – Eazy | 6 | 0.1 | 0.4 M NaOAc | 50 | 400 | cationic SCX) | 5 M NaCl/5.5 N HCl | 98 | 10 | CM | 89.7 ± 6.7 | NA | NA | NA |