From: Cutting edge rare earth radiometals: prospects for cancer theranostics
Radionuclide | Half-life (h) | Decay characteristics | Average decay particle energy (keV)a | Maximum γ energy (keV) (intensity %)a | Nuclear reaction(s) for radionuclide production | Applications to nuclear medicine |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
43Sc | 3.89 | β+ (88%) EC (12%) | 419 | 373 (22%) | 40Ca(α,n)43Ti → 43Sc 43Ca(p,n)43Sc 46Ti(p,α)43Sc | PET |
44Sc | 4.04 | β+ (94%) EC (6%) | 632 | 1157 (100%) | 45Sc(p,2n)44Ti → 44Sc 44Ca(p,n)44Sc 44Ca(d,2n)44Sc 44Ca(α,3np)44Sc | PET |
47Sc | 80.4 | β− (100%) | 162 | 159 (68%) | 48Ca(p,2n)47Sc 44Ca(α,p)47Sc 46Ca(n,γ)47Ca → 47Sc 47Ti(n,p)47Sc 48Ti(γ,p)47Sc 51 V(γ,α)47Sc 48Ca(γ,n)47Ca → 47Sc | β−-therapy, SPECT |
149Tb | 4.1 | α (17%) β+ (7%) EC (76%) | 3970 (α) 728 (β+) | 165 (26%) 352 (29%) 389 (18%) 817 (12%) 853 (16%) | Ta-foil spallation 152Gd(p,4n)149Tb 141Pr(12C,4n)149Tb 142Nd(12C,5n)149Tb | α-therapy, PET |
152Tb | 17.5 | β+ (20%) EC (80%) | 1142 | 344 (64%) | Ta-foil spallation 152Gd(p,n)152Tb | PET |
155Tb | 127.7 | EC (100%) | 87 (32%) 105 (25%) | Ta-foil spallation 155Gd(p,n)155Tb 159Tb(p,5n)155Dy → 155Tb | SPECT | |
161Tb | 166.8 | β− (100%) 12.4 e− per decay | 154 (β−) 3.75 per AE | 26 (23%) 49 (17%) 75 (10%) | 160Gd(n,γ)161Gd → 161Tb | β−-therapy, Auger electron therapy, SPECT |
132La | 4.6 | β+ (42%) EC (58%) | 1290 | 132Ba(p,n)132La 134Ba(p,3n)132La | PET | |
133La | 3.9 | β+ (7%) EC (93%) | 461 | 278 (2%) 290 (1%) 302 (2%) | 134Ba(p,2n)133La 135Ba(p,3n)133La | PET |
135La | 18.9 | EC (> 99%) 10.6 e− per decay | < 4 per AE | 481 (2%) | 135Ba(p,n)135La 136Ba(p,2n)135La 137Ba(p,3n)135La | Auger electron therapy |
166Ho | 26.8 | β− (100%) | 665 | 80.6 (6%) 1379 (1%) | 165Ho(n,γ)166Ho 164Dy(n,γ)165Dy(n,γ)166Dy → 166Ho | β−-therapy, SPECT |
153Sm | 46.3 | β− (100%) | 224 | 103 (29%) | 152Sm(n,γ)153Sm | β−-therapy, SPECT |
165Er | 10.4 | EC (100%) | 5.3 (65.6%) 38.4 (4.8%) | 166Er(p,2n)165Tm → 165Er 165Ho(p,n)165Er 165Ho(d,2n)165Er | Auger electron therapy | |
169Er | 225.6 | β− (100%) | 100 | 168Er(n,γ)169Er | β−-therapy | |
149Pm | 53.0 | β− (100%) | 363 | 286 (3%) | 148Nd(n,γ)149Nd → 149Pm 148Nd(p,γ)149Pm 150Nd(p,2n)149Nd → 149Pm 148Nd(d,n)149Pm 150Nd(d,3n)149Pm 150Nd(γ,n)149Nd → 149Pm | β−-therapy |
143Pr | 326.4 | β− (100%) | 315 | 141Pr(n,γ)142Pr(n,γ)143Pr 142Ce(n,γ)143Ce → 143Pr | β−-therapy | |
170Tm | 3086.4 | β− (100%) | 317 | 84 (3%) | 169Tm(n,γ)170Tm | β−-therapy, SPECT |