Table 2 Representative studies evaluating 99mTc-labeled nanoparticles in preclinical cancer models
From: Radiolabeled nanomaterials for biomedical applications: radiopharmacy in the era of nanotechnology
99mTc-labeled NPs | NPs/Chelate | Experimental conditions t(min)/T(ºC)/pH | Radiochemical yield (%) | Evaluated applications | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[99mTc]Tc-IO-NPs-RGD | IO-NPs/cRGDfK-Orn3-CGG | 30 min/25 °C/pH 8 |  > 98% | Molecular imaging of ανβ3-mediated tumor expression and feasibility for hyperthermia treatment. In vitro and in vivo results | Tsiapa et al. 2014) |
[99mTc]Tc-NPs-FA | Oligomeric FA-NPs/chelate-free | 30 min/25 °C | – | Cell uptake by folate receptor-positive tumor targeting. In vitro results on HepG2 tumor cells | Liang et al. 2018) |
[99mTc]Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-GGC-AuNP-mannose | AuNPs/EDDA-HYNIC | 20 min/100 °C |  > 95% | Biodistribution and microSPECT/CT images of sentinel lymph node detection. In vivo results in Wistar rats | Ocampo-GarcÃa et al. 2011) |
[99mTc]Tc-{(Au0)200-G5.NHAc-DOTA-FI-mPEG-(PEG-duramycin)} DENPs | Au-DENPs/DOTA | 30 min/25 °C | 99% | SPECT/CT imaging of chemotherapy-induced tumor apoptosis. In vitro and in vivo results | Xing et al. 2018) |
[99mTc]Tc-citrate-AuNPs | AuNPS/chelate free | – | 95.20 ± 2.70% | Biodistribution patterns. In vivo results on solid tumor-bearing mice | Essa et al. 2020) |
[99mTc]Tc-PC:PEG2000-DSPE:SDC:DTPA-PE | Micelles/DTPA-PE | 30 min/25 °C | 87 ± 1.21% | Potential radiotracers for detection of infection/inflammation. In vitro results against S. aureus and E.coli | Silindir-Gunay and Ozer 2020) |
[99mTc]Tc-DSPE-PEG2000-DTPA PM | Polimeric micelles/DTPA | 15 min/25 °C/pH 7 | 93.8 ± 2.1% | Biodistribution and scintigraphic images. In vitro and in vivo results on 4T1 tumor-bearing mice | Oda et al. 2017) |
[99mTc]Tc-HMPAO-blue-biotin-liposome | Liposome/HMPAO | 30 min/25 °C | 92.1 ± 1.9% | Scintigrams of the sentinel lymph node. In vivo results | Phillips et al. 2001) |
[99mTc]Tc-HMPAO-liposome | Liposome/HMPAO | 30Â min | 91% | Tumor imaging with gamma camera. In vivo results | Goins et al. 1994) |
[99mTc]Tc-liposome | Liposome/chelate-free | 20 min/25 °C | > 95% | Biodistribution and scintigraphic images. In vivo results on CD1 mouse bearing breast cancer | Navarro et al. 2011) |
[99mTc]Tc-SpHL-DTPA-folate-PTX (folate-coated long-circulating and pH-sensitive liposomes) [99mTc]Tc-SpHL-DTPA-PTX | Liposome/DTPA Liposome/DTPA | 15 min/25 °C/pH 7.4 15 min/25 °C/pH 7.4 | 98% 98.4 ± 1.1% | Biodistribution and scintigraphic images. In vivo results on BALB/c nude mice bearing breast cancer | Monteiro et al. 2018) |
[99mTc]Tc-oxine-SLNs [99mTc]Tc-oxine-CH-SLNs | SLN/oxine SLN/oxine | 1 h/25 °C 1 h/25 °C | 100% 100% | Biodistribution patterns. In vivo results on BALB/c mice | Gharibkandi et al. 2019) |
[99mTc]Tc-PEG-MnOx-MSNs | MSNs/chelate-free | 60 min/37 °C/pH 7.0 | 99.1 ± 0.6% | SPECT-MRI dual-modal imaging (nanotheranostics). In vitro and in vivo results on tumour-bearing mice | Gao et al. 2016) |
[99mTc]Tc-DTPA-MSNs | MSN/DTPA | 5 min/25 °C/pH 7.0 | 98.3 ± 0.7% | Biodistribution and scintigraphic images. In vivo results on healthy Swiss mice | Barros et al. 2015) |