Articles

A new approach to produce [¹⁸F]MC225 via one-step synthesis, a PET radiotracer for measuring P-gp function

[¹⁸F]MC225 is a radiotracer for imaging P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function at the blood-brain barrier. The P-gp function can be altered due to different factors, for instance, decreased P-gp function has been describ...

Authors: Lara Garcia-Varela, Khaled Attia, John Carlo Sembrano, Olivier Jacquet, Inês F. Antunes, Chantal Kwizera, Ton J. Visser, Rudi A. J. O. Dierckx, Philip H. Elsinga and Gert Luurtsema

Automated radiosynthesis of two ¹⁸F-labeled tracers containing 3-fluoro-2-hydroxypropyl moiety, [¹⁸F]FMISO and [¹⁸F]PM-PBB3, via [¹⁸F]epifluorohydrin

[¹⁸F]Fluoromisonidazole ([¹⁸F]FMISO) and 1-[¹⁸F]fluoro-3-((2-((1E,3E)-4-(6-(methylamino)pyridine-3-yl)buta-1,3-dien-1-yl)benzo[d]thiazol-6-yl)oxy)propan-2-ol ([¹⁸F]PM-PBB3 or [¹⁸F]APN-1607) are clinically used ra...

Authors: Takayuki Ohkubo, Yusuke Kurihara, Masanao Ogawa, Nobuki Nengaki, Masayuki Fujinaga, Wakana Mori, Katsushi Kumata, Masayuki Hanyu, Kenji Furutsuka, Hiroki Hashimoto, Kazunori Kawamura and Ming-Rong Zhang

GMP-compliant production of [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-NeoB for positron emission tomography imaging of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor

[⁶⁸Ga]Ga-NeoB is a novel DOTA-coupled Gastrin Releasing Peptide Receptor (GRPR) antagonist with high affinity for GRPR and good in vivo stability. This study aimed at (1) the translation of preclinical results to...

Authors: Marc Pretze, Laura Reffert, Steffen Diehl, Stefan O. Schönberg, Carmen Wängler, Peter Hohenberger and Björn Wängler

GMP production of 6-[¹⁸F]Fluoro-l-DOPA for PET/CT imaging by different synthetic routes: a three center experience

The radiofluorinated levodopa analogue 6-[¹⁸F]F-l-DOPA (3,4-dihydroxy-6-¹⁸F-l-phenylalanine) is a commonly employed radiotracer for PET/CT imaging of multiple oncological and neurological indications. An unusuall...

Authors: Valdemar L. Andersen, Mikkel A. Soerensen, Johan Hygum Dam, Niels Langkjaer, Henrik Petersen, Dirk Andreas Bender, Dan Fugloe and Tri Hien Viet Huynh

Optimised GMP-compliant production of [¹⁸F]DPA-714 on the Trasis AllinOne module

The translocator protein 18 kDa is recognised as an important biomarker for neuroinflammation due to its soaring expression in microglia. This process is common for various neurological disorders. DPA-714 is a...

Authors: Klaudia A. Cybulska, Vera Bloemers, Lars R. Perk and Peter Laverman

Production of scandium radionuclides for theranostic applications: towards standardization of quality requirements

In the frame of “precision medicine”, the scandium radionuclides have recently received considerable interest, providing personalised adjustment of radiation characteristics to optimize the efficiency of medic...

Authors: R. Mikolajczak, S. Huclier-Markai, C. Alliot, F. Haddad, D. Szikra, V. Forgacs and P. Garnuszek

Correction to: Advances in the automated synthesis of 6-[¹⁸F]Fluoro-L-DOPA

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Ângela C. B. Neves, Ivanna Hrynchak, Inês Fonseca, Vítor H. P. Alves, Mariette M. Pereira, Amílcar Falcão and Antero J. Abrunhosa

Correction to: Fully-automated synthesis of 177Lu labelled FAPI derivatives on the module modular lab-Eazy

Authors: Kurtulus Eryilmaz and Benan Kilbas

Fully-automated synthesis of ¹⁷⁷Lu labelled FAPI derivatives on the module modular lab-Eazy

To the best of our knowledge, manually production of [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-FAPI radiopharmaceutical derivatives has been only described in literature. In this work, a fully-automated [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-FAPI synthesis has been well de...

Authors: Kurtulus Eryilmaz and Benan Kilbas

The use of HEPES-buffer in the production of gallium-68 radiopharmaceuticals – time to reconsider strict pharmacopoeial limits?

HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid) is a buffer that is used in the radiolabelling of gallium-68 compounds. The beneficial effects of HEPES on molar activity in bioconjugates have been ...

Authors: Jannie le Roux, Janke Kleynhans and Sietske Rubow

An HPLC and UHPLC-HRMS approach to study PSMA-11 instability in aqueous solution

The stability of precursors and reagents is of utmost importance for developing a robust radiolabelling method that provides high and constant radiochemical yield and radiochemical purity.

Authors: Antonella Iudicello, Filippo Genovese, Valentina Di Iorio, Gianfranco Cicoria and Stefano Boschi

Highlight selection of radiochemistry and radiopharmacy developments by editorial board

The Editorial Board of EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry releases a biyearly highlight commentary to update the readership on trends in the field of radiopharmaceutical development.

Authors: Silvio Aime, Mohammed Al-Qahtani, Martin Behe, Guy Bormans, Giuseppe Carlucci, Jean N. DaSilva, Clemens Decristoforo, Adriano Duatti, Philip H. Elsinga, Klaus Kopka, Xiang-Guo Li, Zhibo Liu, Robert H. Mach, Oskar Middel, Jan Passchier, Marianne Patt…

Fast Fluorine-18 labeling and preclinical evaluation of novel Mucin1 and its Folate hybrid peptide conjugate for targeting breast carcinoma

There is a need to develop new and more potent radiofluorinated peptide and their hybrid conjugates for multiple-receptors targeting properties that overexpress on many cancers.

Authors: I. Al Jammaz, B. Al-Otaibi, Y. Al-Malki, A. Abousekhrah and S. M. Okarvi

Advances in the automated synthesis of 6-[¹⁸F]Fluoro-L-DOPA

The neurotracer 6-[¹⁸F]FDOPA has been, for many years, a powerful tool in PET imaging of neuropsychiatric diseases, movement disorders and brain malignancies. More recently, it also demonstrated good results in t...

Authors: Ângela C. B. Neves, Ivanna Hrynchak, Inês Fonseca, Vítor H. P. Alves, Mariette M. Pereira, Amílcar Falcão and Antero J. Abrunhosa

Design of PSMA ligands with modifications at the inhibitor part: an approach to reduce the salivary gland uptake of radiolabeled PSMA inhibitors?

To investigate whether modifications of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radiolabeled urea-based inhibitors could reduce salivary gland uptake and thus improve tumor-to-salivary gland ratios,...

Authors: Veronika Barbara Felber, Manuel Amando Valentin and Hans-Jürgen Wester

Transcapillary escape rate of ¹²⁵I-albumin in relation to timing of blood sampling: the need for standardization

Increased vascular permeability is an early sign of vascular damage and can be measured with the transcapillary escape rate of albumin (TER_alb). Although TER_alb has a multi-exponential kinetic model, most publish...

Authors: Youssef Chahid, Nienke M. G. Rorije, Soufian el Boujoufi, Ron A. A. Mathôt, Liffert Vogt and Hein J. Verberne

Guideline on current good radiopharmacy practice (cGRPP) for the small-scale preparation of radiopharmaceuticals

This guideline on current good radiopharmacy practice (cGRPP) for small-scale preparation of radiopharmaceuticals represents the view of the Radiopharmacy Committee of the European Association of Nuclear Medic...

Authors: Nic Gillings, Olaug Hjelstuen, Jim Ballinger, Martin Behe, Clemens Decristoforo, Philip Elsinga, Valentina Ferrari, Petra Kolenc Peitl, Jacek Koziorowski, Peter Laverman, Thomas L. Mindt, Oliver Neels, Meltem Ocak, Marianne Patt and Sergio Todde

Immune cell labelling and tracking: implications for adoptive cell transfer therapies

The understanding of the role of different immune cell subsets that infiltrate tumors can help researchers in developing new targeted immunotherapies to reactivate or reprogram them against cancer. In addition...

Authors: Filippo Galli, Michela Varani, Chiara Lauri, Guido Gentiloni Silveri, Livia Onofrio and Alberto Signore

Production, purification, and radiolabeling of the ²⁰³Pb/²¹²Pb theranostic pair

Lead-212 (²¹²Pb, t_1/2 = 10.6 h) and lead-203 (²⁰³Pb, t_1/2 = 51.9 h) are an element-equivalent, or a matched theranostic radioisotope pair that show great potential for application in targeted radionuclide therapy...

Authors: Brooke L. McNeil, Andrew K. H. Robertson, Winnie Fu, Hua Yang, Cornelia Hoehr, Caterina F. Ramogida and Paul Schaffer

Highlight selection of radiochemistry and radiopharmacy developments by editorial board (January–June 2020)

The Editorial Board of EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry releases a biyearly highlight commentary to describe trends in the field.

Authors: Mohammed Al-Qahtani, Martin Behe, Guy Bormans, Giuseppe Carlucci, Jean Dasilva, Clemens Decristoforo, Philip H. Elsinga, Klaus Kopka, Xiang-Guo Li, Robert Mach, Oskar Middel, Jan Passchier, Marianne Patt, Ivan Penuelas, Ana Rey, Peter J. H. Scott…

Automated synthesis of [¹⁸F]Ga-rhPSMA-7/ -7.3: results, quality control and experience from more than 200 routine productions

The radiohybrid (rh) prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted ligand [¹⁸F]Ga-rhPSMA-7 has previously been clinically assessed and demonstrated promising results for PET-imaging of prostate cancer. The l...

Authors: Alexander Wurzer, Daniel Di Carlo, Michael Herz, Antonia Richter, Stephanie Robu, Ralf Schirrmacher, Alba Mascarin, Wolfgang Weber, Matthias Eiber, Markus Schwaiger and Hans-Juergen Wester

Synthesis of DOTA-pyridine chelates for ⁶⁴Cu coordination and radiolabeling of αMSH peptide

⁶⁴Cu is one of the few radioisotopes that can be used for both imaging and therapy, enabling theranostics with identical chemical composition. Development of stable chelators is essential to harness the potentia....

Authors: Hua Yang, Feng Gao, Brooke McNeil, Chengcheng Zhang, Zheliang Yuan, Stefan Zeisler, Joel Kumlin, Jutta Zeisler, François Bénard, Caterina Ramogida and Paul Schaffer

Implementation and validation of an in-house combined fluorescein/media-fill test to qualify radiopharmacy operators

The purpose of this work was to design, validate and implement a media-fill test combined with fluorescein (MFT-F) for the specific qualification and training of radiopharmacy operators, in accordance with Uni...

Authors: Cyril Fersing, Emmanuel Deshayes, Sarah Langlet, Laurence Calas, Vincent Lisowski and Pierre Olivier Kotzki

Multi-curie production of gallium-68 on a biomedical cyclotron and automated radiolabelling of PSMA-11 and DOTATATE

With increasing clinical demand for gallium-68, commercial germanium-68/gallium-68 ([⁶⁸Ge]Ge/[⁶⁸Ga]Ga) generators are incapable of supplying sufficient amounts of the short-lived daughter isotope. In this study, ...

Authors: Helge Thisgaard, Joel Kumlin, Niels Langkjær, Jansen Chua, Brian Hook, Mikael Jensen, Amir Kassaian, Stefan Zeisler, Sogol Borjian, Michael Cross, Paul Schaffer and Johan Hygum Dam

Fully-automated production of [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 for clinical application

[⁶⁸Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 is a promising radiopharmaceutical for in vivo detection of the fibroblast activation protein by positron emission tomography. Until now, the synthesis of [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 has been only performed...

Authors: Sarah Spreckelmeyer, Matthias Balzer, Simon Poetzsch and Winfried Brenner

A simple and efficient automated microvolume radiosynthesis of [¹⁸F]Florbetaben

Current automated radiosynthesizers are generally optimized for producing large batches of PET tracers. Preclinical imaging studies, however, often require only a small portion of a regular batch, which cannot...

Authors: Ksenia Lisova, Jia Wang, Philip H. Chao and R. Michael van Dam

Effect of the versatile bifunctional chelator AAZTA⁵ on the radiometal labelling properties and the in vitro performance of a gastrin releasing peptide receptor antagonist

Gastrin Releasing Peptide receptor (GRPr)-based radioligands have shown great promise for diagnostic imaging of GRPr-positive cancers, such as prostate and breast.

Authors: Michael Hofstetter, Euy Sung Moon, Fabio D’Angelo, Lucien Geissbühler, Ian Alberts, Ali Afshar-Oromieh, Frank Rösch, Axel Rominger and Eleni Gourni

⁶⁸Ga, ⁴⁴Sc and ¹⁷⁷Lu-labeled AAZTA⁵-PSMA-617: synthesis, radiolabeling, stability and cell binding compared to DOTA-PSMA-617 analogues

The AAZTA chelator and in particular its bifunctional derivative AAZTA⁵ was recently investigated to demonstrate unique capabilities to complex diagnostic and therapeutic trivalent radiometals under mild conditio...

Authors: Jean-Philippe Sinnes, Ulrike Bauder-Wüst, Martin Schäfer, Euy Sung Moon, Klaus Kopka and Frank Rösch

Improved non-invasive positron emission tomographic imaging of chemotherapy-induced tumor cell death using Zirconium-89-labeled APOMAB®

The chimeric monoclonal antibody (mAb) chDAB4 (APOMAB®) targets the Lupus associated (La)/Sjögren Syndrome-B (SSB) antigen, which is over-expressed in tumors but only becomes available for antibody binding in ...

Authors: Vasilios Liapis, William Tieu, Stacey E. Rudd, Paul S. Donnelly, Nicole L. Wittwer, Michael P. Brown and Alexander H. Staudacher

Fully automated radiosynthesis of [¹⁸F]LBT999 on TRACERlab FX_FN and AllinOne modules, a PET radiopharmaceutical for imaging the dopamine transporter in human brain

Fluorine labelled 8-((E)-4-fluoro-but-2-enyl)-3β-p-tolyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2β-carboxylic acid methyl ester ([¹⁸F]LBT999) is a selective radioligand for the in vivo neuroimaging and quantification of the ...

Authors: Christine Vala, Céline Mothes, Gabrielle Chicheri, Pauline Magadur, Gilles Viot, Jean-Bernard Deloye, Serge Maia, Yann Bouvet, Anne-Claire Dupont, Nicolas Arlicot, Denis Guilloteau, Patrick Emond and Johnny Vercouillie

Cyclotron-based production of ⁶⁸Ga, [⁶⁸Ga]GaCl₃, and [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 from a liquid target

To optimize the direct production of ⁶⁸Ga on a cyclotron, via the ⁶⁸Zn(p,n)⁶⁸Ga reaction using a liquid cyclotron target. We Investigated the yield of cyclotron-produced ⁶⁸Ga, extraction of [⁶⁸Ga]GaCl₃ and subseq...

Authors: Melissa E. Rodnick, Carina Sollert, Daniela Stark, Mara Clark, Andrew Katsifis, Brian G. Hockley, D. Christian Parr, Jens Frigell, Bradford D. Henderson, Monica Abghari-Gerst, Morand R. Piert, Michael J. Fulham, Stefan Eberl, Katherine Gagnon and Peter J. H. Scott

Use of 55 PET radiotracers under approval of a Radioactive Drug Research Committee (RDRC)

In the US, EU and elsewhere, basic clinical research studies with positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers that are generally recognized as safe and effective (GRASE) can often be conducted under instit...

Authors: Isaac M. Jackson, So Jeong Lee, Alexandra R. Sowa, Melissa E. Rodnick, Laura Bruton, Mara Clark, Sean Preshlock, Jill Rothley, Virginia E. Rogers, Leslie E. Botti, Bradford D. Henderson, Brian G. Hockley, Jovany Torres, David M. Raffel, Allen F. Brooks, Kirk A. Frey…

Automated synthesis of ¹⁸F radiolabelled indole containing Oncrasin-like molecules; a comparison of iodonium salts and boronic ester chemistry

Oncrasin-1 is a small molecule which was identified from a screen of KRAS mutant cancer cells and has shown specificity for KRAS mutant cell killing. We aimed to develop a radiolabelled form of Oncrasin-1 to e...

Authors: Alexander F. McDonald, Yit Wooi Goh, Jonathan M. White, Andrew M. Scott and Uwe Ackermann

Radioimmunotherapy of PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer xenografts in NOD/SCID or NRG mice with Panitumumab labeled with Auger electron emitting, ¹¹¹In or β-particle emitting, ¹⁷⁷Lu

Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) are overexpressed on > 90% of pancreatic cancers (PnCa) and represent an attractive target for the development of novel therapies, including radioimmunotherapy (RIT). O...

Authors: Sadaf Aghevlian, Zhongli Cai, David Hedley, Mitchell A. Winnik and Raymond M. Reilly

Automated, cassette-based isolation and formulation of high-purity [⁶¹Cu]CuCl₂ from solid Ni targets

A need for improved, cassette-based automation of ⁶¹Cu separation from irradiated Ni targets was identified given the growing interest in theranostics, and generally lengthy separation chemistries for ⁶⁴Cu/⁶⁴Ni, ...

Authors: Johan Svedjehed, Christopher J. Kutyreff, Jonathan W. Engle and Katherine Gagnon

Rapid one-pot radiosynthesis of [carbonyl-¹¹C]formamides from primary amines and [¹¹C]CO₂

Formamides are common motifs of biologically-active compounds (e.g. formylated peptides) and are frequently employed as intermediates to yield a number of other functional groups. A rapid, simple and reliable ...

Authors: Federico Luzi, Antony D. Gee and Salvatore Bongarzone

Targeting fibroblast activation protein (FAP): next generation PET radiotracers using squaramide coupled bifunctional DOTA and DATA^5m chelators

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a proline selective serine protease that is overexpressed in tumor stroma and in lesions of many other diseases that are characterized by tissue remodeling. In 2014, a mo...

Authors: Euy Sung Moon, Filipe Elvas, Gwendolyn Vliegen, Stef De Lombaerde, Christel Vangestel, Sven De Bruycker, An Bracke, Elisabeth Eppard, Lukas Greifenstein, Benedikt Klasen, Vasko Kramer, Steven Staelens, Ingrid De Meester, Pieter Van der Veken and Frank Rösch

Automated [¹⁸F]PSMA-1007 production by a single use cassette-type synthesizer for clinical examination

[¹⁸F]PSMA-1007, a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, specifically targets prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), which is highly expressed in prostate cancer. PSMA-PET is effective especially for regi...

Authors: Sadahiro Naka, Tadashi Watabe, Kenta Kurimoto, Motohide Uemura, Fumihiko Soeda, Oliver C. Neels, Klaus Kopka, Mitsuaki Tatsumi, Hiroki Kato, Norio Nonomura, Eku Shimosegawa, Jens Cardinale, Frederik L. Giesel and Jun Hatazawa

Development of a fluorine-18 radiolabelled fluorescent chalcone: evaluated for detecting glycogen

Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose produced by cells to store energy and plays a key role in cancer. A previously reported fluorescent probe (CDg4) was shown to selectively bind glycogen in ...

Authors: Louis Allott, Diana Brickute, Cen Chen, Marta Braga, Chris Barnes, Ning Wang and Eric O. Aboagye

Imaging using radiolabelled targeted proteins: radioimmunodetection and beyond

The use of radiolabelled antibodies was proposed in 1970s for staging of malignant tumours. Intensive research established chemistry for radiolabelling of proteins and understanding of factors determining biod...

Authors: Javad Garousi, Anna Orlova, Fredrik Y. Frejd and Vladimir Tolmachev

Intravenous and oral copper kinetics, biodistribution and dosimetry in healthy humans studied by [⁶⁴Cu]copper PET/CT

Copper is essential for enzymatic processes throughout the body. [⁶⁴Cu]copper (⁶⁴Cu) positron emission tomography (PET) has been investigated as a diagnostic tool for certain malignancies, but has not yet been us...

Authors: Kristoffer Kjærgaard, Thomas Damgaard Sandahl, Kim Frisch, Karina Højrup Vase, Susanne Keiding, Hendrik Vilstrup, Peter Ott, Lars Christian Gormsen and Ole Lajord Munk

In vitro hypoxia responsiveness of [¹⁸F] FDG and [¹⁸F] FAZA retention: influence of shaking versus stagnant conditions, glass versus polystyrene substrata and cell number down-scaling

In vitro experiments using radiolabeled molecules is fundamental for Positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) tracer development and various metabolic assays, bu...

Authors: Morten Busk, Michael R. Horsman, Jens Overgaard and Steen Jakobsen

Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of ¹¹C-O-methylated arylpiperazines as potential serotonin 1A (5-HT_1A) receptor antagonist radiotracers

Serotonin 1A (5-HT_1A) receptors are implicated in the pathogenesis of several psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders motivating the development of suitable radiotracers for in vivo positron emission tomograp...

Authors: Vidya Narayanaswami, Junchao Tong, Ferdinando Fiorino, Beatrice Severino, Rosa Sparaco, Elisa Magli, Flavia Giordano, Peter M. Bloomfield, Jaya Prabhakaran, J. John Mann, Neil Vasdev, Kenneth Dahl and J. S. Dileep Kumar

New sensitive method for HEPES quantification in ⁶⁸Ga-radiopharmaceuticals

The introduction of a GMP-certified ⁶⁸Ga-generator spurred the application of ⁶⁸Ga-radiopharmaceuticals. Several radiosynthesis of ⁶⁸Ga-radiopharmaceuticals are more efficient and robust when performed with 2-[4-...

Authors: I. F. Antunes, G. M. Franssen, R. Zijlma, P. Laverman, H. H. Boersma and P. H. Elsinga

Development, validation and regulatory acceptance of improved purification and simplified quality control of [¹³N] Ammonia

[¹³N]Ammonia is a cyclotron produced myocardial perfusion imaging agent. With the development of high-yielding [¹³N]ammonia cyclotron targets using a solution of 5 mM ethanol in water, there was a need to develop...

Authors: Daniel L. Yokell, Peter A. Rice, Ramesh Neelamegam and Georges El Fakhri

Automated synthesis and quality control of [^99mTc]Tc-PSMA for radioguided surgery (in a [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-PSMA workflow)

Lymph node dissection is a therapeutic option for prostate cancer patients with a high risk of- or proven lymph node metastases. Radioguided surgery after intravenous injection of [^99mTc]Tc-PSMA could improve the...

Authors: Else A. Aalbersberg, Lotte van Andel, Martine M. Geluk-Jonker, Jos H. Beijnen, Marcel P. M. Stokkel and Jeroen J. M. A. Hendrikx

Validation of a cost-effective alternative for a radiochromatography method to be used in a developing country

The radiochemical purity (RCP) of technetium-99m labelled radiopharmaceuticals (RP) is important to ensure optimal scintigraphic image quality. In low-income settings, it may not be possible to use compendial ...

Authors: F. P. Ekoume, H. H. Boersma, F. Dong à Zok and S. M. Rubow

Fully-automated production of [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-PentixaFor on the module Modular Lab-PharmTracer

PentixaFor is a promising radiopharmaceutical for positron emission tomography in the detection of different tumor entities and other diseases. Until now, the synthesis of [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-PentixaFor was reported for the...

Authors: Sarah Spreckelmeyer, Oliver Schulze and Winfried Brenner

EANM guideline on the validation of analytical methods for radiopharmaceuticals

To fulfil good manufacturing requirements, analytical methods for the analysis of pharmaceuticals for human and vetinary use must be validated. The International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requir...

Authors: Nic Gillings, Sergio Todde, Martin Behe, Clemens Decristoforo, Philip Elsinga, Valentina Ferrari, Olaug Hjelstuen, Petra Kolenc Peitl, Jacek Koziorowski, Peter Laverman, Thomas L. Mindt, Meltem Ocak and Marianne Patt

Otto: a 4.04 GBq (109 mCi) ⁶⁸Ge/⁶⁸Ga generator, first of its kind - extended quality control and performance evaluation in the clinical production of [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-PSMA-11

Here we report on the comprehensive quality control of a 4.04 GBq (109 mCi) generator supplied by itG (Munich, Germany), and used for routine production of [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 for clinical imaging. The performance o...

Authors: Nicole N. Waterhouse, Alejandro Amor-Coarasa, Anastasia Nikolopoulou and John W. Babich