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Fig. 3 | EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry

Fig. 3

From: Auger electrons for cancer therapy – a review

Fig. 3

Modes of cell death caused by Auger electron (AE) emission. AEs may cause DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by a direct effect or through an indirect effect mediated by hydroxyl free radicals (ROS) due to interaction with water molecules. AEs may also cause cell membrane damage leading to cell death. There is a localised short-range “cross-dose” effect of AEs on cancer cells which are directly adjacent to targeted cells, and a longer range “bystander” effect on more distant cells

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