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Table 1 Summary of histopathological findings of the different neurodegenerative syndromes

From: Current radiotracers to image neurodegenerative diseases

Disease

Aβ plaques

Tau deposits

α- synuclein

TDP-43

Other pathologies

AD

++

(in up to 90%)l

++

3R/4R

–

–

–

PCA

++

(in up to 78%)a,c

++

3R/4R (AD in ≈ 76%),

4R (CBD in ≈ 9,5%)c

+

Lewy-bodies

(in ≈ 14%)c

–

(+)

Prion-associated diseases

lvPPA

++

(in up to 56%)b

++

3R/4R (AD in up to 56%)b, other subtypes (in ≈ 10%)b

(+)

Lewy-bodies

(< 10%)e

+

(in up to 25%, mainly type A)d,

(+)

CJD

bvFTD

+

(in up to 13%)f

+

4R (CBD in up to ≈ 9%)h

4R (PSP ≈ 8%)h

3R (PiD in ≈ 7%)h

3R/4R (AD in ≈ 13%)h

–

++

(type A in ≈8%,

type B in ≈23%,

type C in ≈7%

type U in ≈ 10%)h

(+)

FTLD-FUS in ≈7%h

svPPA

+

(in up to 14%)b

+

3R (PiD in up to 15%)b

–

++

(in up to 86%, pre-dominantly type C)b

–

nfvPPA

+

(in up to 12%)g

++

4R (CBD in up to ≈ 54%)h

4R (PSP ≈ 18%)g,h

3R (PiD in ≈ 12%)g

3R/4R (AD in ≈ 12%)g

(+)

Lewy-bodies

(< 10%)b,g

+

(type A in up to 18%) g,h

–

PD/DLB

++

(PD in up to 15%, DLB in up to 80%)k

(+)

4R (PSP in ≈ 8%)i

4R (CBD in ≈ 2%)i

++

Lewy bodies (in up to 77%)i,j

α- synuclein (MSA in ≈5%)i

–

–

HD

–

+

3R/4R

–

++

Huntingtin

–

  1. Aβ β-amyloid, AD Alzheimer’s disease, bvFTD Behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, CBD Corticobasal degeneration, CJD Creutzfeld Jacob disease, FTLD-FUS Frontotemporal lobar degeneration-fused in sarcoma, lvPPA Logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia, MSA Multisystem atrophy, PCC Posterior cingulate cortex, PiD Pick’s disease, PSP Progressive supranuclear palsy, svPPA Semantic variant primary progressive aphasia, TDP Transactive response DNA binding protein of about 43 kDa, 3R three repeat tau isoform, 4R four repeat tau isoform
  2. ++ Frequently occurring; + Sometimes occurring; (+) Rarely occurring; − Not occurring
  3. a(Tang-Wai et al. 2004) b(Harris and Jones 2014) c(Renner et al. 2004) d(Rogalski et al. 2014) e(Harris et al. 2013) f (Perry et al. 2017) g (Mesulam et al. 2014) h (Caso et al. 2014) i (Dickson 2018) j (Skogseth et al. 2017) k (Drzezga 2010) l(Jack et al. 2018)